January
2001
Update: Turkey
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Update: Turkey |
This is the final WWW Indicators report on Turkey as the ESIS project ended in January 2001. It covers the whole period of the ESIS project surveying the Mediterranean Area, March 1999 - January 2001 inclusive.
1. WWW Indicators Update October 2000 - January 2001
There is only slight increase in the number of web sites in all categories. The categories 'Higher schools and universities' and 'national ministries' reach now a 100% penetration rate. However, there was no increase in the number of web sites in museums.
The overall number of web penetration is still 1%. Web penetration in the various categories is considerably higher than this figure except for primary and secondary schools.
|
Total number of "population" |
Total number of web sites |
% of web site / total number of "population" |
Source |
|
|
Primary and secondary schools |
62000 |
331 |
0.54 |
Population figure: TUENA report; web sites figure: Internet search (see below) |
|
Higher schools and universities |
73 |
73 |
100 |
Population figure: TUENA report; web sites figure: Internet search (see below) |
|
National ministries |
18 |
18 |
100 |
web sites figure: Internet search (see below) |
|
Regional and local authorities |
4179 |
149 |
3.57 |
Both figures: Internet search (see below) |
|
Hospitals/clinics |
1098 |
68 |
6.19 |
Population figure: TUENA report; web sites figure: Internet search (see below) |
|
Museums |
283 |
85 |
30.04 |
Population figure: a directory; web sites figure: Internet search (see below) |
|
Libraries |
811 |
66 |
8.14 |
Population figure: a directory; web sites figure: Internet search (see below) |
|
Total |
68462 |
790 |
1.15 |
Computed from above |
Notes:
1) Distribution of regional and local authorities (local governments and municipalities):
| Local governments: | |
| Province | 80 |
| County (including counties within metropolitan cities) | 849 |
| Total | 929 |
| Municipalities: | |
| Metropolitan city | 15 |
| Municipalities within metropolitan city | 56 |
| Province capitals excluding metropolitan cities | 65 |
| County capitals | 849 |
| Towns | 2265 |
| Total | 3250 |
| Total of regional and local authorities | 4179 |
Each metropolitan city (at the same time a province capital), metropolitan city county, province capital, county capital and town (population less than 10000) has a municipality. Each province and county also has a local governmental administration unit which mirrors the structure of the central government (total number is 929). Province and county governments are each counted as a single unit although they have departments corresponding to most ministries at national level, such as the census department, revenue department, etc. Similarly, metropolitan city municipality units such as water and sewage administrations, city public transportation administrations are not included in figures.
2) Professional training centres not included in schools. Pre-schools are not included in schools. Secondary schools include high schools as named in the North American system. Higher schools and universities include universities only because all higher education institutions (excluding military schools) such as higher vocational schools and faculties are part of a university. For consistency purposes we count only universities.
3) Population figure for hospitals/clinics include only hospitals. Smaller healthcare units such as independent clinics and health centres are not included.
4) Ministries of state are not included in population figure for ministries, but the prime ministry is.
5) Library search services not included in web sites for libraries.
Sources:
Population figures for primary and
secondary schools, higher schools and universities, and hospital
and clinics are obtained from TUENA report published by
TUBITAK.
Population figures for museums and
libraries are obtained from a directory published by Ministry of
Culture
Web sites figures are obtained by
making a search on the Internet using a search engine (www.arabul.dominet.com.tr)
Both figures are obtained by
making a search on the Internet using a search engine (www.arabul.dominet.com.tr)
2. Evolution of the WWW Indicators over the whole ESIS II period
A graph to show the evolution of the total number of websites as a percentage of the total number of institutions across a range of key public actors
A table to show the evolution of the total number of websites as a percentage of the total number of institutions across a range of key public actors
|
% of website / total number of ‘population’ |
|||||||
|
|
07/99 |
10/99 |
01/00 |
04/00 |
07/00 |
10/00 |
01/01 |
|
Primary and secondary schools |
0.19 |
0.24 |
0.25 |
0.30 |
0.43 |
0.47 |
0.54 |
|
Higher schools and universities |
73.75 |
78.75 |
78.75 |
82.50 |
94.37 |
95.77 |
100 |
|
National ministries |
83.33 |
83.33 |
83.33 |
83.33 |
83.33 |
83.33 |
100 |
|
Regional and local authorities |
1.56 |
1.70 |
1.79 |
1.96 |
2.58 |
3.40 |
3.57 |
|
Hospitals/clinics |
3.19 |
3.64 |
4.55 |
5.10 |
5.83 |
6.19 |
6.19 |
|
Museums |
3.53 |
3.53 |
8.13 |
10.25 |
29.68 |
30.04 |
30.04 |
|
Libraries |
4.19 |
4.19 |
4.19 |
5.92 |
7.64 |
7.77 |
8.14 |
We observe that there is a noticeable increase in the number of web sites in Turkey in all areas during the ESIS II period. This is in parallel with the overall Internet and PC penetration in the same period, where Internet penetration has increased threefold.
The highest increase is in primary and secondary schools where the number has tripled in less than 2 years. This is partly a result of the many ICT projects of the Ministry of Education, including large scale MIS (Management Information System) projects and CAI (Computer Aided Instruction) projects. Another reason for the increase is that the private schools emphasize on modern education technology including Internet access. We note nonetheless that the percentage of schools with websites is still not very high (0.5%). This is mainly due to the high number of schools in Turkey.
The number of web sites in regional and local authorities, in hospitals/clinics and in libraries has increased twofold in the last two years to reach respectively 3,5%, 6% and 8%, which is in parallel with the overall Internet penetration rate.
Web site penetration was relatively high at universities and at national ministries (74% and 83%, respectively) at the beginning of ESIS II period and it has reached 100% at the end of the period. Therefore, when measured in terms of increase, the change over the period is not very high (35% and 30%, respectively). The main factors that can explain a 100% web penetration at universities and at national ministries are the following: Firstly, the total number (of universities and ministries) is not very high. Secondly, both universities and the ministries are among the most important organisations. Lastly, there is a separate Internet backbone for universities and research organisations (ULAKNET).
The highest increase in the number of web sites is in museums. Indeed, the percentage of museums with web sites has been multiplied by 9 in the last two years, reaching now 30%. The factors explaining this high increase are the following: Firstly, the total number of museums are relatively low, therefore a noticeable increase in the absolute number results in a high increase when measured in percentage value. Secondly, museums are backed by the Ministry of Culture which has a dynamic policy in terms of interconnection of cultural establishments.
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