November 2000
Central and Eastern European Countries
Synthesis of Update Memos
|
Central and Eastern European Countries Synthesis of Update Memos |
Introduction
Among the population of examined entities, the National Ministries are the category that develop the most web sites. For example, all Ministries have a web site in Estonia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland and Latvia. Percentages are also very high in Bulgaria (93%). After come high schools and universities : in most of the countries, more than 55% have a web site, except for Macedonia and Albania. In Bosnia-Herzegovina and Lithuania all universities have their own web site.
Web characteristics by country
Albania : Because of the low development of the Internet, many institutions do not have a web site. The national ministries are the most equipped : indeed, 55% of the ministries have a web site (12 out of 22). The other sectors have a penetration rate below 3%. Only 25 companies have servers linked directly to internet. Out of these companies, 6 are private, one is public and three are donor institutions.
Bosnia & Herzegovina : Compared to the current possibilities and needs, there is a small number of official WWW sites, mainly as a result of the financial and economic problems.
In the past three months, there were minor changes in the number of new active WWW sites. The number of Web sites in the "Primary and secondary schools" category increased from 10 to 16 to reach a rate of 10%, and the number of Web sites within the "Regional and local authorities" category increased from 24 up to 46 to reach a rate of 82%.
Bulgaria : During the third quarter of 2000, 15 web sites were created in the "Primary and Secondary Schools" and 11 in the "Regional and local Authorities". These have been the most dynamic entities. The government has announced the implementation of an Online Administration Project of which goal is to establish a single entry point providing online access to the state administration via internet. This will accelerate the development of web sites at governmental and administrative entities.
Estonia : Stable development in the field of web pages continued. In June 2000, 26% of examined public and private organisations had web pages. Three "administrative" bodies have known a steady development : universities (76% have now a web site, against 65 % before), Regional and local authorities (66% against 60% before) and hospitals (27% against 22% before). Within the remaining categories the level of representation on the web stayed about the same.
Estonian ESIS experts predict many developments within the next months. For instance, the Government approved the draft of Freedom of Information Act that will oblige local governments to provide access to document registers over the Internet. With the enforcement of the law the number of web pages in the "Regional and local authorities" category (at the moment 65.6%) should increase remarkably.
Hungary : the situation in Hungary hasn’t changed. Almost all categories stay with the same number of web sites.
Latvia : The most dynamic category in terms of creating web sites has been "national ministries" that is now 100% represented. High Schools and Universities have now 22 web sites out of 33 establishments. It corresponds to a penetration rate of 67%.
Lithuania : among the main changes : new sites/portals were established or are under development in the health care sector with the support of Lithuania’s Soros Foundation. The sites are dedicated mainly to public health care.
Romania : The number of high schools and universities having a web site has increased steadily (leaping from 218 up to 268). They have been followed by regional and local authorities (234 up to 246). In July, the National Agency for Communication and Informatics launched its site www.anci.ro. This site presents information about the Agency activities.
Among the new web sites :
Number of Web sites in percentage of the number of entities
| Primary and secondary schools | High schools and universities | National ministries | Regional and local authorities | Hospitals clinics | Museums | Libraries | ||
| Albania | 0,03% (1 of 3200) |
1% (7 of 506) |
55% (12 of 22) |
3% (15 of 474) |
0% (0 of 2488) |
0% (0 of 28) |
1% (1 of 70) |
|
| Bosnia | 10% (16 of 160) |
100% (6 of 6) |
- | 82% (46 of 56) |
33% (4 of 12) |
60% (6 of 10) |
50% (5 of 10) |
|
| Bulgaria | 3,6% (134 of 3749) |
95% (39 of 41) |
93% (13 of 14) |
18,3% (53 of 290) |
0,9% (36 of 3610) |
12,2% (28 of 230) |
0,5% (33 of 7283) |
|
| Estonia | 33% (233 of 706) |
75,8% (25 of 33) |
100% (12 of 12) |
65,6% (172 of 262) |
26,9% (21 of 78) |
25,1% (45 of 179) |
4,1% (28 of 691) |
|
| FYR Macedonia | 4% (42 of 1048) |
28% (2 of 7) |
71% (10 of 14) |
4% (4 of 123) |
18% (7 of 39) |
7% (4 of 58) |
1 website | |
| Hungary | 18% (826 of 4610) |
30% (30 of 30) |
100% (14 of 14) |
16,57% (523 of 3155) |
27% (81 of 291) |
20% (148 of 760) |
5% (157 of 3379) |
|
| Latvia | 12% (128 of 1074) |
67% (22 of 33) |
100% (12 of 12) |
10% (54 of 532) |
6% (9 of 150) |
77% (96 of 124) |
2% (20 of 980) |
|
| Lithuania | 11% (140 of 1301) |
100% (16 of 16) |
100% (13 of 13) |
15,5% (80 of 515) |
18,4% (35 of 190) |
62,5% (50 of 80) |
16% (50 of 320) |
|
| Poland | 14% (4000 of 28962) |
86% (230 of 266) |
100% (16 of 16) |
77% (1466 of 2996) |
10% (70 of 711) |
15% (90 of 600) |
5% (400 of 8000) |
|
| Czech Republic | 23,3% (1236 of 5308) |
80,8% (160 of 198) |
100% (14 of 14) |
12,2% (686 of 6440) |
50,9% (163 of 320) |
6,6% (209 of 435) |
6,6% (415 of 6303) |
|
| Romania | 0,4% (61 of 13847) |
15% (268 of 1825) |
62,5% (10 of 16) |
8,2% (246 of 2989) |
1,6% (14 of 887) |
1,6% (8 of 512) |
0,1% (13 of 13848) |
|
| Important : the data must be considered with care and only as estimates and general indications. In fact, there are no central bodies allowing a "scientific" monitoring and the comparison between the countries is difficult due to this situation and also to the disparities of the national organisational systems (for example, number of cities). |
